法国铁路列车2023年起逐步实现自动驾驶_

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法国铁路列车2023年起逐步实现自动驾驶

当地时间9月12日，法国国铁（SNCF）和日立旗下铁路子公司安萨尔多（Ansaldo）STS等宣布，将在2023年以后在法国投入运行几乎无需司机干预的自动驾驶铁路列车。该公司等认为有助于实现高效运行和避免事故。在这一日本和中国都关注的领域，法国也将加入到研发竞争中。

参与研发的还有法国铁路车辆制造商阿尔斯通、德国零部件企业博世、法国军工与电子设备企业泰雷兹等。5700万欧元的业务费用由法国国铁与法国政府各承担3成，其他企业承担另外4成。

列车投入运行后，还将探讨向国外出口。此外，还有着在法国领导下建立全球自动驾驶列车安全标准的目的。

按照计划，2023年开始在巴黎郊区的线路上进行2级自动驾驶，即有司机乘坐但能够自动加速减速。2025年在高速铁路“TGV”上开始进行2级自动驾驶，并力争在地方线路上实现不需要司机的全自动运行（4级）。关于实际运行时是否让司机乘坐，将在听取乘客意见的基础上来决定。

自动驾驶将通过安装在列车上的摄像头和雷达来识别信号、障碍物，在人工智能（AI）的帮助下调整速度。为防止系统遭到外部劫持，还将开发安全防护系统。

法国的地铁等线路已经在使用没有司机的自动驾驶列车。但在露天行驶时，需要符合气象条件，并避免突然出现的障碍物，难度比地铁大。列车在以远高于汽车的速度行驶时，需要能瞬间对更远处的信息做出判断的能力。

SNCF targets autonomous trains in five years

PARIS -- France is joining the fray to develop autonomous trains, an area where it would likely take on Chinese and Japanese rivals if it exports the technology.

State-owned railway SNCF said Wednesday that it plans to begin operating trains in 2023 that handle acceleration and deceleration on their own but still have operators on board. The railway aims to expand the project to its TGV high-speed intercity service in 2025, and roll out fully autonomous service on regional lines that year.

Autonomous trains will be able to transport more people using less energy, SNCF President Guillaume Pepy told reporters.

The project's cost is estimated at 57 million euros ($66 million), with the French government and SNCF shouldering 30% each. The remaining 40% of the costs will be taken on by private-sector participants including Hitachi's Italian subsidiary Ansaldo STS; French multinationals Alstom, a train builder, and Thales, a defense equipment maker; and German auto parts maker Robert Bosch.

Cameras and radars will capture the trains' surroundings to read traffic signals and identify obstacles, and artificial intelligence will be used to adjust speed. Security mechanisms will also be developed to block system hijacking.

An autonomous subway system is already operating in France, but factors such as snowfall make it difficult to run above ground. Train speeds often operate faster than cars, so the system must be able to respond instantly -- such as when an obstacle suddenly appears.

素材来源：日本经济新闻/亚洲版

工业信息平台系列/Industry Info Services