国产AI大模型DeepSeek火了

开源、低价、性能媲美ChatGPT……，深度求索公司的国产AI大模型DeepSeek火了。

🤔️小作业：

1. Why does the article mention that DeepSeek used only about 2,000 Nvidia chips for training?

A. To highlight the cost efficiency of DeepSeek's approach.

B. To criticize the over-reliance on specialized chips in the tech industry.

C. To emphasize the challenges of acquiring Nvidia chips in China.

D. To explain why DeepSeek open-sourced its A.I. system.

无注释原文：

How Chinese A.I. Start-Up DeepSeek Is Competing With Silicon Valley Giants

From: The New York Times

The day after Christmas, a small Chinese start-up called DeepSeek unveiled a new A.I. system that could match the capabilities of cutting-edge chatbots from companies like OpenAI and Google.

That alone would have been a milestone. But the team behind the system, called DeepSeek-V3, described an even bigger step. In a research paper explaining how they built the technology, DeepSeek's engineers said they used only a fraction of the highly specialized computer chips that leading A.I. companies relied on to train their systems.

The DeepSeek chatbot answered questions, solved logic problems and wrote its own computer programs as capably as anything already on the market, according to the benchmark tests that American A.I. companies have been using.

And it was created on the cheap, challenging the prevailing idea that only the tech industry's biggest companies — all of them based in the United States — could afford to make the most advanced A.I. systems. The Chinese engineers said they needed only about $6 million in raw computing power to build their new system. That is about 10 times less than the tech giant Meta spent building its latest A.I. technology.

“The number of companies who have $6 million to spend is vastly greater than the number of companies who have $100 million or $1 billion to spend,” said Chris V. Nicholson, an investor with the venture capital firm Page One Ventures, who focuses on A.I. technologies.

Since OpenAI sparked the A.I. boom in 2022 with the release of ChatGPT, many experts and investors had concluded that no company could compete with the market leaders without spending hundreds of millions dollars on specialized chips.

The world's leading A.I. companies train their chatbots using supercomputers that use as many as 16,000 chips, if not more. DeepSeek's engineers, on the other hand, said they needed only about 2,000 specialized computer chips from Nvidia.

DeepSeek is run by a quantitative stock trading firm called High Flyer. By 2021, it had channeled its profits into acquiring thousands of Nvidia chips, which it used to train its earlier models. The company, which did not respond to requests for comment, has become known in China for scooping up talent fresh from top universities with the promise of high salaries and the ability to follow the research questions that most pique their interest.

A crucial part of this rapidly changing global market is an old idea: open source software. Like many other companies, DeepSeek has open sourced its latest A.I. system, meaning that it has shared the underlying code with other businesses and researchers. This allows others to build and distribute their own products using the same technologies.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

How Chinese A.I. Start-Up DeepSeek Is Competing With Silicon Valley Giants

From: The New York Times

The day after Christmas, a small Chinese start-up called DeepSeek unveiled a new A.I. system that could match the capabilities of cutting-edge chatbots from companies like OpenAI and Google.

圣诞节的第二天，一家名为深度求索(DeepSeek)的中国小型初创公司发布了一个新的人工智能系统，其功能可与OpenAI和谷歌等公司的尖端聊天机器人相媲美。

start-up

startup / start-up /ˈstɑːt.ʌp/ 表示“刚起步的小企业，新兴小型企业；初创公司”，英文解释为“a small business that has just been started”如：start-up costs 创业成本，举个🌰：Start-ups are very vulnerable in the business world. 商界中刚起步的小企业非常脆弱。

unveil

unveil /ʌnˈveɪl/ 1）表示“ 为…揭幕；揭开…上的覆盖物；拉开…的帷幔”，英文解释为“to remove a cover or curtain from a painting, statue, etc. so that it can be seen in public for the first time”举个🌰：She unveiled a plaque to mark the official opening of the hospital. 她主持揭幕式，标志着医院正式启用。

2）表示“（首次）展示，介绍，推出；将…公之于众”，英文解释为“to show or introduce a new plan, product, etc. to the public for the first time”举个🌰：They will be unveiling their new models at the Motor Show. 他们将在汽车大展上首次推出自己的新型汽车。

🎬电影《复仇者联盟1》（The Avengers）中的台词提到：We look beyond the Earth to the greater worlds the Tesseract will unveil. 而我们则放眼地球之外 那些将被宇宙魔方开启的更广博的世界。

🎬电影《超人高校》（Sky High）中的台词提到：We can't unveil the Stronghold Three without Will. 我们不能在威尔（Will）不在场时 向大家介绍斯特朗霍德三侠（Stronghold Three）。

📍词根“-veil”表示"面纱"，前缀“un-”表示“不”。联想宫殿：在宫殿的一个房间，你看到一个被面纱覆盖的新产品即将被“揭露”。近义词：reveal（揭示） 同根词：veil（面纱），常用短语：unveil a plan（公布计划）

capability

capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ 表示“能力；才干；水平”，英文解释为“the ability to do something”举个🌰：These tests are beyond the capability of an average twelve-year-old. 这些测试超出了一个普通12岁孩子的能力。

📍词根“cap-”来自拉丁语“capere”，表示“抓取”，“-ability”表示“能力”。想象这个软件有“抓取”并快速处理大量数据的“能力”。近义词：capacity（容量），同根词：capable（有能力的），常用短语：enhance capability（增强能力）

cutting-edge

cutting-edge /ˌkʌt.ɪŋˈedʒ/ 表示“尖端的，前沿的”，英文解释为“Cutting-edge techniques or equipment are the most advanced that there are in a particular field.”举个🌰：What we are planning is cutting-edge technology never seen before. 我们正在筹划的是前所未见的尖端技术。

🎬电影《像素大战》（Pixels）中的台词提到：I'm thinking this is a cutting-edge multinational enterprise. 我想是某先进跨国组织干的。

📍state-of-the-art表示“（技术上）最先进的”，英文解释为“If you describe something as state-of-the-art, you mean that it is the best available because it has been made using the most modern techniques and technology.”

📍leading edge表示“（某活动领域的）最重要位置，领先地位；（尤指技术上的）前沿，尖端”，英文解释为“The leading edge of a particular area of research or development is the area of it that seems most advanced or sophisticated.”如：at the leading edge of scientific research 在科学研究的前沿。

That alone would have been a milestone. But the team behind the system, called DeepSeek-V3, described an even bigger step. In a research paper explaining how they built the technology, DeepSeek's engineers said they used only a fraction of the highly specialized computer chips that leading A.I. companies relied on to train their systems.

能做到这点本已是一个里程碑。但这个名为DeepSeek-V3的大模型背后的团队描述了一个更大的进步。深度求索的工程师在介绍他们如何构建这个大模型的研究论文中写道，他们在训练该系统时只用了领先人工智能公司用的高度专业化计算机芯片的一小部分。

milestone

milestone /ˈmaɪl.stəʊn/ 表示“里程碑；重大事件；转折点”，英文解释为“an important event in the development or history of something or in someone's life”举个🌰：He felt that moving out of his parents' home was a real milestone in his life. 他感到搬出父母家是他一生中一个真正的转折点。

fraction

fraction /ˈfræk.ʃən/ 表示“少量”，英文解释为“A fraction of something is a tiny amount or proportion of it.”举个🌰：She hesitated for a fraction of a second before responding. 她犹豫了一下才回应。

specialized

specialized /ˈspeʃ.əl.aɪzd/ 表示“专门的；专科的”，英文解释为“relating to one particular area or designed for a particular purpose”举个🌰：Her job is very specialized (= involves only one limited area). 她的工作专业性很强。

chip

chip /tʃɪp/ 1）表示“炸薯条，油炸土豆条”，英文解释为“a long, thin piece of potato that is fried and usually eaten hot”如：fish and chips 炸鱼加土豆条。

2）表示“（尤指计算机的）集成电路片，芯片”，英文解释为“a very small piece of semiconductor, especially in a computer, that contains extremely small electronic circuits and devices, and can perform particular operations”如：a silicon chip 硅芯片。

The DeepSeek chatbot answered questions, solved logic problems and wrote its own computer programs as capably as anything already on the market, according to the benchmark tests that American A.I. companies have been using.

据美国人工智能公司一直使用的行业基准测试，DeepSeek聊天机器人能回答问题、解决逻辑问题，并编写自己的计算机程序，其能力不亚于市场上已有的任何产品。

benchmark

benchmark /ˈbentʃ.mɑːk/ 表示“基准（点）”，英文解释为“a level of quality that can be used as a standard when comparing other things”举个🌰：Her outstanding performances set a new benchmark for singers throughout the world. 她的精彩表演为全世界歌手树立了新典范。

And it was created on the cheap, challenging the prevailing idea that only the tech industry's biggest companies — all of them based in the United States — could afford to make the most advanced A.I. systems. The Chinese engineers said they needed only about $6 million in raw computing power to build their new system. That is about 10 times less than the tech giant Meta spent building its latest A.I. technology.

而且它的造价很低，挑战了只有最大的科技企业（它们全都在美国）才能制造出最先进的人工智能系统的普遍观念。中国工程师称，他们只花了约600万美元的原始计算能力就训练了新模型，不到科技巨头Meta训练其最新人工智能模型所耗资金的十分之一。

prevailing

prevailing /prɪˈveɪ.lɪŋ/ 表示“盛行的；现有的；通行的”，英文解释为“existing in a particular place or at a particular time”如：the prevailing attitude 普遍的观点。

🎬电影《美国队长2：冬日战士》（Captain America: The Winter Soldier）中的台词提到：The prevailing theory was that the hijacking was a cover for the acquisition and sale of classified intelligence. 大部分人的看法是劫持事件只是在掩盖机密情报的交易。

“The number of companies who have $6 million to spend is vastly greater than the number of companies who have $100 million or $1 billion to spend,” said Chris V. Nicholson, an investor with the venture capital firm Page One Ventures, who focuses on A.I. technologies.

“有600万美元资金的公司在数量上远远多于有1亿美元或10亿美元资金的公司，”风险投资公司Page One Ventures的投资人克里斯·尼科尔森说道，他主要投资人工智能技术。

venture capital

venture capital /ˈven.tʃə ˌkæp.ɪ.təl/ 表示“风险资本；投机资本；风险投资”，英文解释为“money that is invested or is available for investment in a new company, especially one that involves risk”

Since OpenAI sparked the A.I. boom in 2022 with the release of ChatGPT, many experts and investors had concluded that no company could compete with the market leaders without spending hundreds of millions dollars on specialized chips.

自从OpenAI 2022年发布了ChatGPT，引发人工智能热潮以来，许多专家和投资者曾得出结论认为，如果不投入数亿美元购买人工智能专用芯片的话，没有公司能与行业领军者竞争。

spark

spark /spɑːk/ 表示“引发”，英文解释为“If one thing sparks another, the first thing causes the second thing to start happening.”举个🌰：My teacher organized a unit on computer science that really sparked my interest. 我的老师编排了一个关于计算机科学的单元，它真正激发了我的兴趣。

此前，《后浪》和「青年」文中标题中就用到：Bilibili's May 4th Youth Day video sparks discussion on social media 引发热议。

类似的还有：

📍stir表示“激发，激起（强烈的感情）；引起（强烈的反应）”，英文解释为“to make someone have a strong feeling or reaction”举个🌰：The poem succeeds in stirring the imagination. 这首诗能够激发起想象力。

📍provoke也表示“激起，引起”，英文解释为“to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one”，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辩论/讨论。

📍spur 鼓动；激励；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats. 是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。

🎬电影《龙之心3：巫师的诅咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台词提到：To spur the clans to war. 激励部族发起战争。

📍trigger表示“发动；引起；触发”，英文解释为“to make sth happen suddenly”举个🌰：Nuts can trigger off a violent allergic reaction. 坚果可以引起严重的过敏反应。

boom

作动词，boom /buːm/ 1）表示“增长；迅速发展”，英文解释为“to increase or become successful and produce a lot of money very quickly”举个🌰：The leisure industry is booming. 休闲产业正在蓬勃发展。

2）表示“发出低沉有力的声音；发出隆隆声，轰鸣”，英文解释为“to make a very deep and loud hollow sound”举个🌰：The cannons boomed (out) in the night. 晚上传来隆隆炮声。

作名词，表示“增长，繁荣；增长期，繁荣期”，英文解释为“an increase in something , or a time when something becomes more popular”举个🌰：This year has seen a boom in book sales. 今年图书销售激增。

📍baby boom表示“生育高峰，婴儿潮”，英文解释为“a large increase in the number of babies born among a particular group of people during a particular time”举个🌰：There was a baby boom in the UK and the US after the Second World War. 二战后，英国和美国都出现了一次生育高峰。

The world's leading A.I. companies train their chatbots using supercomputers that use as many as 16,000 chips, if not more. DeepSeek's engineers, on the other hand, said they needed only about 2,000 specialized computer chips from Nvidia.

世界领先的人工智能公司用超级计算机来训练它们的聊天机器人，这些超级计算机需要多达1.6万个芯片，甚至更多。但DeepSeek的工程师却说，他们只用了约2000个英伟达生产的专用芯片。

DeepSeek is run by a quantitative stock trading firm called High Flyer. By 2021, it had channeled its profits into acquiring thousands of Nvidia chips, which it used to train its earlier models. The company, which did not respond to requests for comment, has become known in China for scooping up talent fresh from top universities with the promise of high salaries and the ability to follow the research questions that most pique their interest.

DeepSeek由一家名叫幻方的量化股票交易公司运营。到2001年，它已将利润投入购买数千枚英伟达芯片，用于训练其早期模型。公司没有回复记者的置评请求，它在中国有一种名声，那就是以高薪和让人们能够探索最感兴趣的研究课题为承诺，吸引了刚从顶尖大学毕业的人才。

quantitative

quantitative /ˈkwɒn.tɪ.tə.tɪv/ 表示“定量的”，英文解释为“relating to numbers or amounts”如：quantitative analysis 定量分析。

acquire

acquire /əˈkwaɪər/ 作动词，表示“取得，获得；购得；学到；收购”，英文解释为“to get something”举个🌰：He acquired the firm in 2025. 他于2025年收购了这家公司。

scoop

scoop sth up 表示“（迅速）捡起，拾起，抱起”，英文解释为“to lift something or someone with your hands or arms in a quick movement”举个🌰：She scooped the children up and ran with them to safety. 她一把把孩子们拽起来，带着他们奔向安全地带。

scoop /skuːp/ 1）表示“大量获得（选票或奖项）”，英文解释为“to get a large number of votes or prizes”举个🌰：The party is expected to scoop up the majority of the working-class vote. 人们预料该党将赢得工人阶级的大多数选票。

2）表示“（用勺）舀;（用铲）铲”，英文解释为“to move something with a scoop or with something used as a scoop”举个🌰：He scooped the sand into a bucket with his hands. 他用手把沙子捧进桶里。

3）表示“抢在…之前报道”，英文解释为“to be the first newspaper to discover and print an important news story”举个🌰：Just as we were about to publish the story, we were scooped by a rival paper. 正当我们打算发布这条消息时，被另一家报社抢先了一步。

4）表示“（敏捷地）抱住”，英文解释为“If you scoop a person or thing somewhere, you put your hands or arms under or around them and quickly move them there.”举个🌰：Michael knelt next to her and scooped her into his arms. 迈克尔跪在她旁边，一下子把她抱在怀里。

A crucial part of this rapidly changing global market is an old idea: open source software. Like many other companies, DeepSeek has open sourced its latest A.I. system, meaning that it has shared the underlying code with other businesses and researchers. This allows others to build and distribute their own products using the same technologies.

这个快速变化的全球市场的关键部分是一个存在已久的想法：开源软件。与许多其他公司一样，DeepSeek也将其最新的人工智能模型放入开源软件系统，这意味着它已经与其他企业和研究人员共享了基础代码，让其他人能用相同的技术构建和发布自己的产品。

open source

表示“（免费并允许公众对源程序代码进行修改的）开放源码的”，英文解释为“Open-source software is free to use, and the original program can be changed by anyone.”

- 词汇盘点 -

start-up、 unveil、 capability、 cutting-edge、 milestone、 fraction、 specialized、 chip、 benchmark、 prevailing、 venture capital、 spark、 boom、 quantitative、 acquire、 scoop、 open source

- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -

A start-up unveiled a cutting-edge chip, sparking a boom in venture capital. Specialized in quantitative benchmarks, it acquired open-source tools, reaching a milestone. A fraction of prevailing firms scrambled to scoop its unmatched capabilities.

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